The Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology mainly concentrates on the diseases with high occurrence such as glaucoma, cataract, retinopathy of prematurity, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy. In general AI refers to the task mainly completed by computers i.e., it involves minimum human.
- Machine learning
- Deep learning
Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in the working age people. It leads to be a global health issue. Therefore it needs to be detecting potentially threatening changes at the early stage for timely treatment and management. The automatic identification of diabetic retinopathy has driven a lot of attraction with studies conducting exudation, haemorrhage, neovascularization detection etc. even at classify stage.
- Fundus photography
- Macular thickness mapping
Tele-ophthalmology delivers the eye care through telecommunication technology and digital medical equipment’s. It offers eye specialist for patients in remote areas, ophthalmic disease screening, diagnosis and monitoring. At present the tele-ophthalmology focus on disease such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, adnexal eye diseases, and retinopathy of prematurity strabismus.
- Automatic image recognition
- Synchronous tele-ophthalmology
Retinitis pigmentosa is a genetic disorder that involve breakdown and loss of retinal cells i.e., back wall of eye is damaged. It includes decreased vision at night or loss of tunnel vision. There is no permanent treatment till date developed for Retinitis Pigmentosa but some measures can be taken such as mobility training, portable lightning and low vision aid.
- Photophobia
- Night blindness
- Photopsia
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Telemedicine enable clinicians to evaluate their patients remotely. This is helpful for many reasons. It provide more efficient distribution of limited healthcare facilities and also save waiting time. It proves to be very helpful at the time of pandemic when there was shortage of Doctors.
- Bio microscopic videography
- Real time Telemedication
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Artificial Intelligence has the capability to modernize the screening, diagnosis, and classification of glaucoma by both through the automated processing of large data sets, and by earlier detection of new disease pattern. AI also promise for the fundamentally changing research aimed at understanding the development, progression and treatment of Glaucoma by identifying novel risk factors.
- Optical coherence tomography
- Fundus photography
Myopia (nearsightedness) is a common vision condition in which you can see objects near to you clearly, but objects farther away are blurry. It occurs when the shape of your eye causes light rays to bend (refract) incorrectly, focusing images in front of your retina instead of on your retina.
- Is Myopia genetic?
- Is Myopia caused by phones?
Ocular wavelength error is most commonly described polynomial. This work aimed to use artificial intelligence to predict subjective refraction from wavefront aberrometry data processed with a novel polynomial decomposition basis. AI can facilitate quantification of disease severity, surgical planning and longitudinal monitoring of treatment response.
- Artificial Neural Network
- Case based Fuzzy logic
- Decision tree
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Artificial Intelligence has proven promising in cataract surgery. AI can demonstrate different phases of cataract. With the increase and improvement in the availability of ocular imaging modalities, including retinal camera, hand-held camera the AI system can provide better outreach for cataract screening.
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Retinopathy of prematurity or ROP is a cause of childhood blindness all over the world and treatable with early and timely diagnosis. ROP screening consumes more time and power but digitalization and introduction of artificial intelligence in ROP can save the efforts and time and increase efficiency. Automatic identification ROP has achieved a promising result.
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a serious irreversible macular disease characterized by retinal pigment changes, choroidal neovascularization, haemorrhage and even geographical atrophy. It is one of the leading causes of central vision loss in people aged over 50. Screening of AMD is required to be done daily. Automatic AMD increase efficiency and reduce workload of clinicians.
- Vision Loss over 50
- AMD Screening
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After Diabetic Retinopathy, Retinal vein occlusion is the cause of vision loss. The main reason of RVO or retinal vein occlusion is the sclerotic retinal artery compress the retinal vein and block the blood return of terminal arborizations. It causes haemorrhage, exudation and retinal edema. It may lead to decrease in vision and even blindness. Its risk factors are mainly the old aged people and thus the early diagnosis of RVO is crucial for vision recovery. The machine learning in RVO is relatively less but it would be an ease of both patients and ophthalmologist.
- Sclerotic Retinal Artery Compress
- Retinal Edema
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